Predictive factors of hemoptysis recurrence after hospital discharge

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Published May 24, 2026
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v104i05.6024
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Vol. 104 No. 05 (2026): Tunis Med May 2026

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Emna Ben Jemia
Pneumology department , Charles Nicolle hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Ella Nemsi
Pneumology department , Charles Nicolle hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Hend Ouertani
Pneumology department , Charles Nicolle hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Mohamed Sadok Boudaya
Surgery A department, Charles Nicolle hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Sarra Lamine
Pneumology department , Charles Nicolle hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Hana Hedhli
Emergency department , Charles Nicolle hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Yosr Ben Attig
Surgery A department, Charles Nicolle hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Emna Azza
Hematology department, Aziza Othmana hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Jihen Ben Amar
Pneumology department , Charles Nicolle hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Haifa Zaibi
Pneumology department , Charles Nicolle hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Abstract

Introduction: Hemoptysis is a potentially life-threatening symptom that requires prompt evaluation and management. Its recurrence can be as distressing as the initial episode and represents a significant clinical concern.
Aim: This study aimed to identify predictors of hemoptysis recurrence outside the hospital setting.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, and analytical study including all patients hospitalized for hemoptysis in the Pneumology Department of Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, between January 2015 and June 2022. The follow-up period extended from the first
hospitalization to the last medical consultation, with a minimum duration of one year. Patients who experienced recurrence during follow-up were analyzed to identify clinical, etiological, and therapeutic factors associated with hemoptysis recurrence.
Results: A total of 200 patients were included, with a mean age of 52.5 ± 15.8 years (range: 18–90), and a marked male predominance (83.5%). Active smoking was reported in 83.5% of patients. Drug use was noted in 13% of cases, and 15% had high-risk behaviors. Comorbidities were present in 52% of patients, predominantly cardiovascular diseases. Five patients (2.5%) were receiving vitamin K antagonists, and eight (4%) were on antiplatelet therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified cardiovascular comorbidities (OR = 2.2), bronchiectasis (OR = 9.8), and antiplatelet therapy (OR
= 3) as independent predictors of hemoptysis recurrence. Additionally, markers of initial episode severity, including acute anemia requiring blood transfusion (OR = 2.5) and the need for octreotide (OR = 8.2), were significantly associated with an increased risk of out-of-hospital recurrence.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of risk stratification, close follow-up, and individualized management in patients at high risk of hemoptysis recurrence. Early identification of predictive factors may help optimize preventive strategies and improve clinical outcomes.

Keywords:

Hémoptysis, Récidive, Facteurs

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