Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Cones Extracts of Pinus halepens is in Tlemcen North-West of Algeria

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published Feb 15, 2026
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v103i12.5998
Download
PDF
Vol. 103 No. 12 (2025): Tunis Med Dec 2025

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Fatema Bensalah-Boukenadel
Laboratory of Natural Products, Tlemcen, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences and Earth and Universe Sciences of Tlemcen,University of Tlemcen, P.O.Box 119, 13000, Algeria
Nabila Benariba
Laboratory antibiotics, antifungals, physicochemical synthesis and biological activity, Tlemcen, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences and Earth and Universe Sciences of Tlemcen, University of Tlemcen, P.O.Box 119, 13000, Algeria.
Fethi Borsali
Laboratory of DynamicalSystems and Applications, Department of Mathematics, Tlemcen, Faculty of Sciences of Tlemcen, University of Tlemcen, P.O.Box 119, 13000, Algeria.
Mohammed Choukri Beghdad
Laboratory of Natural Products, Tlemcen, University of Tlemcen,Faculty of Medecine of Tlemcen, P.O.Box 119,13000, Algeria

Abstract

Background: plants represent an exhaustible source of chemical molecules with a diverse biological activity. In this context, our study deal with the antifungal effect of aqueous extracts of Pinus halepensis leaves and cones as well as bioactive substance (gallic acid) on pathogenic fungi namely: Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporumcanis, and Candida albicans.


Methods: methods involving direct contact and diffusion on agar plates were used.Antifungal testing was performed using aqueous extracts


Results:the studied strains were sensitive to aqueous extracts of P. halepensis leaves and cones..The aqueous extract of P.halepensis leaves and cones of 200 mg/ml had a good antifungal activity as the percent inhibitions were respectively: 62% and 58% on T. rubrum, 80% and 65% on M. canis. The effect of the gallic acid is less significant in on both dermatophytes. The C. albicans strain was particularly sensitive to the extracts of P.halepensis leaves with inhibition areas of 18 mm diameter.


Conclusion: these results indicate that extracts of P.halepensis may constitute an alternative solution for treatment of mycosis dermatosis andusing an in vivo study as a perspective

Keywords:

Pinus halepensis, leaves, cones, antifungal activity, gallic acid

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Chabasse D, Bastide JM, Bouchara JP, De Gentile L, Symoens F. Parasitoses et mycoses des régions tempérées et tropicales. Paris: Elsevier-Masson; 2010.
  2. Monod M, Fratti M, Staib P, Baudraz-Rosselet F, Toutous-Trellu L. Dermatophytes transmis par les animaux domestiques. Rev Med Suisse. 2014;10:321–5.
  3. Drouhet E, Dupont B. Mycoses in AIDS patients: an overview. In: Mycoses in AIDS patients. 1990. p. 27-53.
  4. Guillot J, Bensignor E, Chermette R. Dermatopytoses in dogs. Point Vet. 2013;44(Special):72-7.
  5. Joshi B, Panda SK, Jouneghani RS, Liu M, Parajuli N, Leyssen P, et al. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anthelminticactivities of medicinal plants of Nepal selectedbased on ethnobotanicalevidence. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:1043471.
  6. Zhou X, Zeng M, Huang F, Qin G, Song Z, Liu F. The potentialrole of plant secondarymetabolites on antifungal and immunomodulatoryeffect. Appl MicrobiolBiotechnol. 2023;107(14):4471-92.
  7. Chabasse D, Contet-Audonneau N. Examen direct et place de l'histologie en mycologie. Rev Fr Lab. 2003;357:49-54.
  8. Trease E, Evans W. Pharmacognosie. London: Billiaire Tindall; 1987.
  9. Espinel-Ingroff A, Shadomy S, Pfaller M, Rinaldi MG, Fothergill A, Peter J, et al. Standardization of antifungalsusceptibilitytesting and clinical relevance. Med Mycol. 1998;36:68-78.
  10. Essalmani H, Lahlou H. Mécanismes de bioprotection des plantes de lentille par Rhizobium leguminosarum contre Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. C R Biol. 2003;326(12):1163-73.
  11. Eymard S. Mise en évidence et suivi de l'oxydation des lipides au cours de la conservation et de la transformation du chinchard (Trachurustrachurus): choix des procédés [thèse]. Nantes: Université de Nantes; 2003.
  12. Ouraïni D, Hadj-Mahammed M, Selles C, Kabouche Z, Touil-Boukoffa C. Étude de l’activité des huiles essentielles de plantes aromatiques à propriétés antifongiques sur les différentes étapes du développement des dermatophytes. Phytother. 2005;3(4):147-57.
  13. Wang J. Carbon‐nanotube basedelectrochemicalbiosensors: A review. Electroanalysis. 2005;17(1):7-14.
  14. Chabasse D, Contet-Audonneau N. Dermatophytes et dermatophytoses. Paris: Elsevier Masson; 2011.
  15. Mohamed AA, Behiry SI, Ali HM, El-Hefny M, Salem MZ, Ashmawy NA. Phytochemical compounds of branches from P. halepensis oilyliquidextract and S. terebinthifolius essential oil and theirpotentialantifungalactivity. Processes. 2020;8(3):330.
  16. Hsu H, Sheth CC, Veses V. Herbalextractswithantifungalactivityagainst Candida albicans: A systematicreview. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2021;21(1):90-117.
  17. El Omari N, Guaouguaou FE, El Menyiy N, Benali T, Aanniz T, Chamkhi I, et al. Phytochemical and biologicalactivities of Pinus halepensis Mill., and theirethnomedicinal use. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;268:113661.
  18. Mansour DH, Hamdi PY. Évaluation chimique et activité antidermatophyte de quelques plantes médicinales d’Algérie. 2014.
  19. Saraka AI, Koné MW, Traoré D, Kouadio YJ, Kamanzi K. Enquête ethnobotanique sur les Euphorbiaceae médicinales utilisées chez les Baoulé du District de Yamoussoukro (Côte d'Ivoire). J Appl Biosci. 2018;126:12734-48.
  20. Mei A, Ricciardo B, Raby E, Kumarasinghe SP. Plant-basedtherapies for dermatophyte infections. Tasman Med J. 2022;4(3):21-37.
  21. Derbali F, Hammami ST, Algabr M, Elaieb MT, Hamrouni L. Chemical composition, insecticidal and antifungalactivities of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Acacia cyanophyllasp. wood tars. Heliyon. 2024;10(6).
  22. Eloff JN. Avoidingpitfalls in determiningantimicrobialactivity of plant extracts and publishing the results. BMC ComplementAltern Med. 2019;19(1):106.
  23. Liberato I, Lino LA, Souza JK, Neto JB, Sá LG, Cabral VP, et al. Gallic acid leads to celldeath of Candida albicans by the apoptosismechanism. Future Microbiol. 2022;17(8):599-606.